Which Will Continue to Swirl Around for Longer the Water or the Air Course Hero
Course Activity: Investigating Temperature Changes in Materials Conducting the Experiment Note:
In this task, you will carry out a controlled experiment to investigate how different materials—sand and water—cool over time. You'll also consider the effect of mass on heat transfer. Then you will analyze and explain your results.
This task requires a mass scale and three thermometers. It may need to be carried out in a school lab. Review how to use scales and thermometers.
Question 1: Hypothesis and Data Collection
Begin this task by forming a hypothesis about the outcome of the experiment. Then conduct the experiment and document the results.
You will need these materials.
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50 g of free-flowing dryr sand {about enough to fill one-fourth of a small glass} medium-sized pot 2 large, flat-bottom tube with covers (or use plastic wrap or fail to cover) mass scale that measures up to 500 g 3 containers for cold 1IIIIIrater and sand {100 mL beakers, glasses, or mugs} 2 trays of ice cubes 3 thermometers that measure between 0°C and 30°C " 3 containers for hot water {200 mL beakers, 250 mL beakers, or mugs) heat source (stove or hot plate} 3 mixing container: {300 mL beakers or large mugs] "Always allow 30 seconds for thermometers placed in a sample to equilibrate (come into balance) before recording the temperature.
Stay safe! Make sure you wear your goggles. Handle hot water with care to avoid burns from water splashing or from steam. Use care when inserting glass thermometers into the sand. Adult supervision is required.
Part A
In the experiment, you will heat up 50 grams of cold sand and 50 grams of cold water by adding hot water. Will the kind of material—sand or water—affect the temperature change? State your hypothesis.
Part B
In the experiment, you will heat up two samples of cold water—50 grams and 100 grams—by adding the same amount of hot water to each sample. Will the mass of the sample affect the temperature change? State your hypothesis.
Part C
Now prepare the cold sand and cold water samples from part A:
1. Fill a 100-milliliter container with 50 grams of sand. Fill a 100-milliliter container with 50 grams of cold tap water. Fill the last 100-
milliliter container with 100 grams of cold tap water. Use the scale to measure the masses.
2. Pour all the ice cubes into a tub, and fill it with cool tap water to a depth of 2 inches. Place the sand and water samples in the ice water. Cover
the entire tub.
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lid cold water and ice tub 100 100 106 1!11 1III 50 50 1111 1 1 11 50 11 50 g sand 50 g cold water 100 g cold water
3. Every 15 minutes, remove the cover and check the temperatures of the samples using the three thermometers. Wait 30 seconds before
recording the thermometer reading. Once the temperatures of the three samples are no more than a degree apart, record the temperatures.
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thermometer cold water and ice tub 1400 100 106 50 50 50 50 g sand 50 g cold water 100 g cold water
Next, prepare the hot water.
1. Fill each of the three 200-milliliter containers with 100 grams of hot tap water. Measure the mass using the mass scale.
2. Adult supervision is required for this step. Prepare a hot-water bath by boiling water in a pot. Use the heat mitts to pour the hot water from the
pot into the second tub. Fill the tub to a depth of about 2 inches. Carefully place the three containers of hot water into the bath without
submerging them. Cover and wait for five minutes until the temperatures stabilize.
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tub with hot water 200 200 200 100 100 100 200 mL container of hot water
Prepare to mix the cold samples with hot water:
3. Have three empty 300-milliliter mixing containers and three thermometers ready. Timing is important. Uncover the cold-water bath, and pour
each cold sample into a different mixing container.
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thermometer 300 mL 300 300 300 container 250 250 250 200 200 200 150 150 150 100 100 400 50 50 50 50 g sand 50 g cold water 100 g cold water
Uncover the hot-water bath, and use a heat mitt to remove the three containers of hot water from the hot-water bath. Pour 100 grams of hot water into each mixing container.
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300 300 300 1011 1011 250 250 250 200 200 200 150 150 150 100 100 100 50 50 111/ 11 50 50 g sand + 50 g cold water + 100 g cold water + 100 g hot water 100 g hot water 100 g hot water
Part D
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300 300 300 250 250 250 200 200 200 150 150 150 100 100 100 50 50 50 1111 50 g sand + 50 g cold water + 100 g cold water + 100 mL hot water 100 mL hot water 100 mL hot water
Swirl each container for about 20 seconds, and then place a thermometer in it. Wait for 30 seconds before recording a reading for each container. Record the final temperatures of the three mixtures in the table.
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Mixture Ending Temperature 50 g cold sand and 100 g hot water 50 g cold water and 100 g hot water 100 g cold water and 100 g hot water
Part E
Find the change in temperature of each sample after the hot water was added. Fill in the table with the data you collected in parts C and D. To find the change in a sample's temperature, subtract the starting temperature from the ending temperature.
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Sample Star Temperature Change In T
Pour the water and sand mixtures in an approved outdoor area, such as a flower bed, garden, or compost bin. Throw away plastic wrap and recycle foil. Reuse all other equipment.
Question 2: Analyze and Extend
Use the data you collected in question 1 to analyze and explain the results of your experiment.
Part A
Compare the temperature change for cold sand and cold water when the same amount of hot water was added. What do you discover?
Part B
If equal masses of sand and water are heated to the same temperature, which sample will absorb more energy? Base your argument on the definition of heat and what you learned from the experiment.
Part C
Compare the temperature change for the two masses of cold water (50 grams and 100 grams) when the same amount of hot water was added. What do you discover?
Part D
If different masses of water are heated to the same temperature, which sample will absorb more energy? Base your argument on the definition of heat and what you learned from the experiment.
Part E
When a material is heated, the change in temperature depends on the kind of material and its mass. Different objects can absorb and release different amounts of energy when heated and cooled. This property is called heat capacity. How might scientists apply this property to design something useful in the real world? Give one or two examples.
Answer & Explanation
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